Endocrine System Practice Test Questions

1) A 25-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of irregular menstrual periods. Physical exam is significant for BP of 150/80, acne, hirsutism, a buffalo hump, moon facies, and telangiectasias. A urinalysis reveals 2+ glucose. Further testing reveals an elevated 24-hour urine cortisol. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

2) A 75-year-old African American female who has been living in a senior home care facility for more than a year is brought to the clinic by her nurse to be evaluated. The nurse states that the patient is not able to carry out her normal daily activities. She also notes that the patient has a flat affect and decreased interest in activities that she normally enjoys. The nurse states that the patient has become anxious and is having difficulty remembering things that happened recently. The nurse states that the patient did not seem to know her daughter at the last visitation period. Which of the following medications would be helpful in delaying the deterioration of cognition in this patient?

3) A 68-year-old female presents with primary hyperparathyroidism. She has parathyroid-related osteoporosis, and she has been found to have ectopic calcifications. Which of the following is the proper intervention to treat this condition?

4) Levothyroxine is commonly used to treat which of the following disorders?

5) A 30-year-old male presents with complaints of irritability, hyperpigmentation, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Physical examination reveals 3/5 strength in all extremities and hypotension. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

6) A 36-year-old woman presents with myalgias, arthralgias, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test shows an elevation of cortisol level of 11µg (baseline is 9µg/dl). Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

7) A 27-year-old female with a history of Grave’s disease, taking small dosages of propylthiouracil, is in the 18th week of pregnancy. She presents with a diffuse goiter and heavy thyrotoxicosis. Which of the following is the proper treatment for this patient?

8) A 35-year-old female presents to her PCP with complaints of excessive sweating, palpitations, weight loss, and tremor. Examination reveals BP 150/80. Neck is supple with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis?

9) A 6-year-old girl presents with hair growth in the axilla, accelerated growth, and menarche. She also has been exhibiting uncharacteristic behavior at school. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

10) A 16-year-old Hispanic obese male presents with polydipsia, decreased visual acuity, and fatigue. His mother states that he has been losing a noticeable amount of weight lately but has still been eating the same amount of food as usual. A random plasma glucose level was measured at 220 mg/dL. Based on the patient’s presentation and lab results, which of the following is the most accurate diagnosis?

11) A 55-year-old female being treated for stage IV ductal carcinoma presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Urinalysis reveals an osmolality of <250 mOsm/kg, and serum osmolality is high. Patient is given ADH and has a positive response. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

12) A 40-year-old female presents to her PCP complaining of fatigue, malaise, dizziness and “dark spots” on the hands and lips. Examination reveals BP 100/60. Laboratories reveal low sodium and elevated potassium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

13) A 16-year-old Hispanic male presents with his mother for a well check. Family history is significant for diabetes on both sides of the family. Examination reveals a well-developed obese male with a velvety hyper-pigmented appearance to the neck and axilla. What is the diagnosis and the most important screening measure to be taken at this patient’s visit?

14) Which of the following is suspected in an adult with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

15) Diabetes insipidus that occurs during pregnancy is most effectively treated by which of the following medications?

16) Metformin should not be administered to diabetic patients with which of the following disorders?

17) Which of the following is the most common etiology of acromegaly?

18) Which of the following medications may be used to suppress cortisol production in patients with Cushing’s syndrome?

19) A 65-year-old female presents with her daughter, who states that the patient has been depressed and with an atypical affect. She also has been complaining of pain in the arms and legs, constipation, and polydipsia. She was in good health when she started developing kidney stones and has frequently been in the ER. Examination reveals an apathetic affect, BP 150/80, and 4/5 strength in all extremities. Laboratories reveal a calcium of 11.0 mg/dl. What is the most likely diagnosis?

20) A 21-year-old male presents after head trauma with frequent urination and craving for ice water. Urinalysis reveals a specific gravity of 1.002 with an osmolality of 184 mOsm/Kg H2O. The vasopressin challenge test is positive. Which of the following is the most accurate diagnosis?