EOC Biology Practice Test Part 1 (40 Questions Answers)

Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells.
• Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment
• Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
• Consists of double layer of phospholipids
She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes?

The diagram below represents a cell.

Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration.

How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge

Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?

A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained.

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?

A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained.

Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes?

A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph?

beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.

In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.

Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks.

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

f a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

Look at the cell membrane model below:

What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below:

Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles?

1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. eukaryotic
4. prokaryotic

Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?

Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms?

Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using you knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?

Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing
a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below.

The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

Which of these best completes this concept map?

In a plant cell, which organelle is responsible for capturing light energy to perform photosynthesis?

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

What process allows cells to release waste products and take in essential nutrients and gases?