Hematologic System Practice Questions Answers

Last Updated on March 25, 2025

Hematologic System Practice Questions Answers 2025 for Physician Assistant Exam PANCE. This sample quiz consists of 20 multiple-choice questions on the Hematologic System. Hematologic diseases are disorders that primarily affect the blood and blood-forming organs. They include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease, and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.

Hematologic System Practice Questions Answers

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Hematologic System Practice Questions Answers

Hematologic System Practice Questions Answers Updated
Physician Assistant Exam
Total Items: 20
Time Limit: NA

1) A 30-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe fatigue and jaundice. Laboratory findings show elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low haptoglobin, and elevated indirect bilirubin. Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test is positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

B) Hereditary spherocytosis

C) G6PD deficiency

D) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

E) Sickle cell disease

2) A 45-year-old female presents with bleeding gums and excessive bruising. Laboratory tests reveal a platelet count of 30,000/µL. Bone marrow biopsy shows increased megakaryocytes. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

A) Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

B) Aplastic anemia

C) Hemophilia B

D) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

E) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

3) Which of the following is an effective treatment for chronic thrombocytopenia?

A) Vitamin D

B) Folic acid

C) Erythropoietin

D) Vitamin B12

E) Prednisone

4) A 65-year-old male presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory findings show hemoglobin of 9 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 72 fL. Stool is positive for occult blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Megaloblastic anemia

B) Thalassemia trait

C) Hemolytic anemia

D) Anemia of chronic disease

E) Iron deficiency anemia

5) Which of the following is an effective treatment for chronic thrombocytopenia?

A) Vitamin D

B) Prednisone

C) Folic acid

D) Vitamin B12

E) Erythropoietin

6) A 75-year-old male complains of back pain that has been worsening over the past few months. Laboratory studies show hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal insufficiency. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) reveals a monoclonal spike (M-spike). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Multiple myeloma

B) Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

C) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

D) Acute myeloid leukemia

E) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

7) Which of the following is the standard treatment for chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)?

A) Carbamazepine

B) Nicardipine

C) Warfarin

D) Amlodipine

E) Imatinib

8) Which of the following conditions refers to serum sodium levels of <136 mEq/L?

A) Hyponatremia

B) Hypokalemia

C) Hypospadias

D) Hypotonia

E) Hyphema

9) Which of the following is appropriate for maintenance treatment of pernicious anemia?

A) Vitamin B12

B) Erythropoeitin

C) Folic acid

D) Vitamin D

E) Ferrous sulfate

10) A 65-year-old male presents to his PCP with paresthesias, fatigue, mood swings, and inability to focus. A CBC shows an increased MCV, and a smear reveals megaloblasts. He has been reading about his symptoms on the Internet and thinks he might have pernicious anemia. Examination reveals pallor, decreased vibratory and position sense, and decreased reflexes throughout all extremities. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is the patient suffering from?

A) Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

B) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

C) Phylloquinone (Vitamin K)

D) Retinoic acid (Vitamin A)

E) Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

11) A 58-year-old male presents with significant splenomegaly, early satiety, and itching after bathing (aquagenic pruritus). His labs show elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit. JAK2 mutation is positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Polycythemia vera

B) Myelodysplastic syndrome

C) Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

D) Essential thrombocythemia

E) Multiple myeloma

12) Infection by which of the following is considered a risk factor for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A) Helicobacter pylori

B) Cryptococcus neoformans

C) Adenovirus

D) Blastocystis hominis

E) Epstein-Barr virus

13) A 3-year-old female presents with her mother who states that the child has appeared pale for several weeks. Five days ago, she developed a low-grade fever and has been complaining of various aches and pains. CBC reveals a WBC of 23,000 with relative neutropenia, Hgb of 8.2 g/dL, and platelets of 90,000. Peripheral smear reveals lymphoblasts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Aplastic anemia

B) Lupus

C) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

D) Viral syndrome

E) Mononucleosis

14) A 67-year-old female is found to have an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count of 100,000/µL on routine blood work. Further tests reveal that the predominant cells are mature-appearing lymphocytes. She has no significant symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Polycythemia vera (PV)

B) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

C) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

D) Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

E) Hairy cell leukemia

15) A 50-year-old male complains of calf pain, chest tightness, and mild shortness of breath. Past medical history is significant for multiple unprovoked deep vein thromboses (DVTs). Laboratory testing reveals a resistance to activated protein C. Which of the following best describes the genetic condition causing his hypercoagulable state?

A) Protein S deficiency

B) Factor V Leiden mutation

C) Prothrombin G20210A mutation

D) Protein C deficiency

E) Antithrombin III deficiency

16) A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML), also known as the M3 subtype of AML. Which of the following gene abnormalities is classically associated with this condition?

A) JAK2 V617F mutation

B) t(9;22), BCR-ABL fusion

C) del(5q) abnormality

D) t(15;17), PML-RARA fusion

E) t(8;14), c-MYC dysregulation

17) A 22-year-old African American male presents to the emergency department with severe joint pain. He has had multiple similar episodes in the past. Peripheral blood smear shows sickle-shaped RBCs. Which of the following complications is most strongly associated with this condition?

A) Hemophilia A

B) Pernicious anemia

C) Factor V Leiden thrombophilia

D) Immune thrombocytopenia

E) Osteonecrosis of the femoral head

18) Megaloblastic anemia is typically caused by deficiency of which of the following?

A) Vitamin K

B) Vitamin B12

C) Vitamin E

D) Vitamin B6

E) Vitamin C

19) A 32-year-old male has a history of easy fatiguability and pallor. Blood tests reveal macrocytosis (MCV = 110 fL), low hemoglobin, and hypersegmented neutrophils on peripheral smear. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his anemia?

A) Folate deficiency

B) Iron deficiency

C) Thalassemia beta major

D) Anemia of chronic disease

E) Chronic kidney disease

20) An 18-year-old male presents with swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck and occasional night sweats. A lymph node biopsy shows Reed-Sternberg cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

B) Multiple myeloma

C) Chronic myelogenous leukemia

D) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

E) Hodgkin lymphoma

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