FREE PSAT 8/9 Writing and Language Practice Test 2026

Last Updated on February 16, 2026

FREE PSAT 8/9 Writing and Language Practice Test 2026. This test has 30 Writing and Language questions, each with three passages, within the time limit. In the actual (National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) test, to that end, the PSAT 8/9 gives you 30 minutes to answer 40 multiple-choice questions about various grammatical and stylistic topics.

If you like to read and/or write, this test may frustrate you a bit because it may seem to boil writing down to a couple of dull rules. But as you will see, we will use the following few chapters to suggest a method that keeps things simple for pro- and anti-grammarians alike.

It is worth noting that the Writing and Language section of the PSAT 8/9 is very similar to that of both the PSAT and the SAT. It is slightly shorter but covers almost the same topics. All of the rules and strategies you learn in this section can also be used on those tests if and when you take them in the future.

PSAT 8/9 Writing and Language Practice Test

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PSAT 8/9 Writing and Language Test

PSAT 8/9 Writing and Language Test
Total Questions: 30 (3 Passages)
Time: 20 Minutes

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is.

1 / 30

Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

1.

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Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

2.

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Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

3.

4 / 30

Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

4. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence.

Europeans considered themselves advanced because
of the technologies they used, though some had been
invented elsewhere.

Should the writer make this addition here?

5 / 30

Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

Polo, along with his father and uncle, had set out to deliver items to China, a journey that took them over three years to complete. Upon arriving in China, Polo became appointed as a diplomat to assist the ruler Kublai Khan. In this [5] role as a diplomat, Polo traveled extensively in the Chinese empire and throughout Asia. He encountered many things that were unknown in [6] Europe.

5. 

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Questions 1–10 are based on the following passage.
Expanding Europe’s Understanding

In 1295, Italian explorer and trader Marco Polo returned to his home of Venice after 24 years of travel along the Silk Road to China. He brought with him precious gems—such as [1] diamonds, rubies, and, sapphires—as well as a Chinese navigation device: the compass. Polo also [2] carried, alongside the diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and compass, knowledge he had [3] gained; from his journey east. He introduced the ideas of paper currency and burning coal for heat, and he showed Europeans that their societies were not the only advanced civilizations. [4]

Polo, along with his father and uncle, had set out to deliver items to China, a journey that took them over three years to complete. Upon arriving in China, Polo became appointed as a diplomat to assist the ruler Kublai Khan. In this [5] role as a diplomat, Polo traveled extensively in the Chinese empire and throughout Asia. He encountered many things that were unknown in [6] Europe.

6. The writer is considering revising the underlined portion to the following. 

Europe, including animals, monetary systems, and technologies.

Should the writer make this revision?

7 / 30

[1] After returning to Venice with his fortune in gemstones, Polo dictated a detailed tale of his travels to a writer. [2] His book, The Travels of Marco Polo, spread across Europe over the next century. [3] Polo’s explanation of paper money, which was very different from the European monetary system, relying on heavy gold and silver, [7] was new and intriguing. [4] The geographic information he provided eventually led to the creation of the Fra Mauro map, one of the most significant historical maps and the most accurate at the time. [5] Polo’s book also detailed the paper currency used in the East, which he considered to be a superior system. [8]

7. 

8 / 30

[1] After returning to Venice with his fortune in gemstones, Polo dictated a detailed tale of his travels to a writer. [2] His book, The Travels of Marco Polo, spread across Europe over the next century. [3] Polo’s explanation of paper money, which was very different from the European monetary system, relying on heavy gold and silver, [7] was new and intriguing. [4] The geographic information he provided eventually led to the creation of the Fra Mauro map, one of the most significant historical maps and the most accurate at the time. [5] Polo’s book also detailed the paper currency used in the East, which he considered to be a superior system. [8]

8. To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should be placed

9 / 30

[9] In addition to these specific effects, Polo’s travels also inspired other people to explore the world. The curiosity spurred by his tales contributed to the Age of Discovery, a period of European history that involved significant overseas exploration.

The original manuscripts of Polo’s book are now lost, but approximately 150 copies in different languages still exist. Because these manuscripts were written before the invention of the printing press, the versions all have significant differences. While it may never be known exactly what Polo’s original manuscript said, his influence lives on in many areas, [10] including cartography, currency, and exploration.

9. Which sentence, if added here, would most effectively introduce the topic of the paragraph?

10 / 30

[9] In addition to these specific effects, Polo’s travels also inspired other people to explore the world. The curiosity spurred by his tales contributed to the Age of Discovery, a period of European history that involved significant overseas exploration.

The original manuscripts of Polo’s book are now lost, but approximately 150 copies in different languages still exist. Because these manuscripts were written before the invention of the printing press, the versions all have significant differences. While it may never be known exactly what Polo’s original manuscript said, his influence lives on in many areas, [10] including cartography, currency, and exploration.

10. 

11 / 30

Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage.

Crabs Can Navigate

Research has shown that both terrestrial and aquatic animals practice spatial [11] learning, and the ability to navigate a physical environment. Biologists study spatial learning to understand how animals find their way around familiar territory. [12] A team of scientists at Swansea University is hoping to learn more about the spatial learning abilities of both terrestrial and aquatic animals.

Dr. Edward Pope, a marine biologist at Swansea University, said that the new study “is important because we know that insects, especially ants and bees, have some impressive mental abilities but we haven’t really looked for them in their aquatic counterparts.” The results of the study shed light on how members of an aquatic species navigate [13] they’re underwater environment to find things like food. [14]

11.

12 / 30

Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage.

Crabs Can Navigate

Research has shown that both terrestrial and aquatic animals practice spatial [11] learning, and the ability to navigate a physical environment. Biologists study spatial learning to understand how animals find their way around familiar territory. [12] A team of scientists at Swansea University is hoping to learn more about the spatial learning abilities of both terrestrial and aquatic animals.

Dr. Edward Pope, a marine biologist at Swansea University, said that the new study “is important because we know that insects, especially ants and bees, have some impressive mental abilities but we haven’t really looked for them in their aquatic counterparts.” The results of the study shed light on how members of an aquatic species navigate [13] they’re underwater environment to find things like food. [14]

12. Which sentence provides the best transition to the next paragraph?

13 / 30

Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage.

Crabs Can Navigate

Research has shown that both terrestrial and aquatic animals practice spatial [11] learning, and the ability to navigate a physical environment. Biologists study spatial learning to understand how animals find their way around familiar territory. [12] A team of scientists at Swansea University is hoping to learn more about the spatial learning abilities of both terrestrial and aquatic animals.

Dr. Edward Pope, a marine biologist at Swansea University, said that the new study “is important because we know that insects, especially ants and bees, have some impressive mental abilities but we haven’t really looked for them in their aquatic counterparts.” The results of the study shed light on how members of an aquatic species navigate [13] they’re underwater environment to find things like food. [14]

13.

14 / 30

Questions 11-20 are based on the following passage.

Crabs Can Navigate

Research has shown that both terrestrial and aquatic animals practice spatial [11] learning, and the ability to navigate a physical environment. Biologists study spatial learning to understand how animals find their way around familiar territory. [12] A team of scientists at Swansea University is hoping to learn more about the spatial learning abilities of both terrestrial and aquatic animals.

Dr. Edward Pope, a marine biologist at Swansea University, said that the new study “is important because we know that insects, especially ants and bees, have some impressive mental abilities but we haven’t really looked for them in their aquatic counterparts.” The results of the study shed light on how members of an aquatic species navigate [13] they’re underwater environment to find things like food. [14]

14. The writer is considering revising the paragraph to remove the quotation from Pope. Assuming that the revision would result in a complete sentence, should the quotation be kept or deleted?

15 / 30

According to Pope, shore crabs frequently navigate complex environments. This fact led him to suspect that the [15] crabs may have complex spatial learning abilities. In order to prove this theory, Pope and his colleagues put a group of shore crabs to the test.

[1] At the end of this period, scientists had observed a decrease in both the time it took each of the 12 crabs to complete the maze and the number of wrong turns each crab took.
[2] The team taught 12 shore crabs to navigate an underwater maze, which contained several false paths to the end and one true path.
[3] Over a four-week period, scientists placed food only at the end of the true path to reward those crabs that successfully completed the maze.
[4] When the crabs were returned to the maze [16] too weak later, [17] you completed the maze in less than eight minutes.
[5] To determine the significance of this finding, scientists introduced a second, untrained group of crabs to the maze.
[6] Many of the crabs in the second group did not complete the maze, and those that did took much longer to do so than the crabs from the first group did. [18]

15.

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According to Pope, shore crabs frequently navigate complex environments. This fact led him to suspect that the [15] crabs may have complex spatial learning abilities. In order to prove this theory, Pope and his colleagues put a group of shore crabs to the test.

[1] At the end of this period, scientists had observed a decrease in both the time it took each of the 12 crabs to complete the maze and the number of wrong turns each crab took.
[2] The team taught 12 shore crabs to navigate an underwater maze, which contained several false paths to the end and one true path.
[3] Over a four-week period, scientists placed food only at the end of the true path to reward those crabs that successfully completed the maze.
[4] When the crabs were returned to the maze [16] too weak later, [17] you completed the maze in less than eight minutes.
[5] To determine the significance of this finding, scientists introduced a second, untrained group of crabs to the maze.
[6] Many of the crabs in the second group did not complete the maze, and those that did took much longer to do so than the crabs from the first group did. [18]

16.

17 / 30

According to Pope, shore crabs frequently navigate complex environments. This fact led him to suspect that the [15] crabs may have complex spatial learning abilities. In order to prove this theory, Pope and his colleagues put a group of shore crabs to the test.

[1] At the end of this period, scientists had observed a decrease in both the time it took each of the 12 crabs to complete the maze and the number of wrong turns each crab took.
[2] The team taught 12 shore crabs to navigate an underwater maze, which contained several false paths to the end and one true path.
[3] Over a four-week period, scientists placed food only at the end of the true path to reward those crabs that successfully completed the maze.
[4] When the crabs were returned to the maze [16] too weak later, [17] you completed the maze in less than eight minutes.
[5] To determine the significance of this finding, scientists introduced a second, untrained group of crabs to the maze.
[6] Many of the crabs in the second group did not complete the maze, and those that did took much longer to do so than the crabs from the first group did. [18]

17.

18 / 30

According to Pope, shore crabs frequently navigate complex environments. This fact led him to suspect that the [15] crabs may have complex spatial learning abilities. In order to prove this theory, Pope and his colleagues put a group of shore crabs to the test.

[1] At the end of this period, scientists had observed a decrease in both the time it took each of the 12 crabs to complete the maze and the number of wrong turns each crab took.
[2] The team taught 12 shore crabs to navigate an underwater maze, which contained several false paths to the end and one true path.
[3] Over a four-week period, scientists placed food only at the end of the true path to reward those crabs that successfully completed the maze.
[4] When the crabs were returned to the maze [16] too weak later, [17] you completed the maze in less than eight minutes.
[5] To determine the significance of this finding, scientists introduced a second, untrained group of crabs to the maze.
[6] Many of the crabs in the second group did not complete the maze, and those that did took much longer to do so than the crabs from the first group did. [18]

18. To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 1 should be placed

19 / 30

The difference in performance between the two groups of crabs led the team to conclude that the first group of crabs remembered the topography of the maze. Pope [19] desperately wishes to conduct further research into the way shore crabs navigate in ocean conditions created by climate change. [20] Despite this, the research done by Pope and his team demonstrates that shore crabs have complex spatial learning abilities.

19. 

20 / 30

The difference in performance between the two groups of crabs led the team to conclude that the first group of crabs remembered the topography of the maze. Pope [19] desperately wishes to conduct further research into the way shore crabs navigate in ocean conditions created by climate change. [20] Despite this, the research done by Pope and his team demonstrates that shore crabs have complex spatial learning abilities.

20. 

21 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

21. 

22 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

22. 

23 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

23. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

24 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

24. 

25 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

25. Which choice most accurately represents the data in the chart?

26 / 30

Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.

Modern Medicine

Robotic surgery, also known as robot-assisted surgery, is a medical technology in which an advanced robot with arms and small instruments is controlled by a surgeon. This allows the doctor to perform [21] puzzling procedures without having to make significant incisions on [22] patients’ bodies. The first surgical robot was created in 1985, but the uses for surgical robots were initially limited. In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci system for general laparoscopic surgery. Now, surgical robots have changed the medical [23] industry. They allow doctors to make precise cuts, even from afar.

In the past, a surgeon would have had to make a long cut for most operations. This can result in more blood loss and longer recovery times for patients. With a surgical robot, after he or she makes a tiny cut, a physician [24] have been able to use a camera to see inside the patient. Then, the doctor can use the controls to conduct the surgery with the robot’s miniature tools. Since this technology is fairly new, a study was completed in 2018 to determine how doctors are trained to use surgical robots before operating on patients. Of the 71 programs that were surveyed, 99 percent used a robotic simulator, and [25] medical programs used robots in 86 percent of their classes. Furthermore, [26] 51 percent of programs used videos as part of their training.

25. Which choice most accurately and precisely provides specific data from the chart?

27 / 30

Aside from helping surgeons to make more precise movements, robotic surgery can also allow physicians to conduct surgeries remotely. For example, although an isolated or impoverished region might not have [27] access to an effective local surgeon, if a surgical robot were available it could actually be controlled by a doctor working in another city or even another country. A 2017 study by Dr. Ryan Madder, published in EuroIntervention, showed a 95 percent overall success rate for such surgeries. [28] Surprisingly, the study showed that no patients died or had to have procedures repeated before being discharged from the hospital.

Surgical robots can help doctors to make precise movements in complex procedures. [29] For this reason, they also allow doctors to operate on patients from a distance, which saves on travel time and costs. Since patients sometimes need a surgery right away, surgical robotics is a field [30] while connecting people with life- saving technology.

27. 

28 / 30

Aside from helping surgeons to make more precise movements, robotic surgery can also allow physicians to conduct surgeries remotely. For example, although an isolated or impoverished region might not have [27] access to an effective local surgeon, if a surgical robot were available it could actually be controlled by a doctor working in another city or even another country. A 2017 study by Dr. Ryan Madder, published in EuroIntervention, showed a 95 percent overall success rate for such surgeries. [28] Surprisingly, the study showed that no patients died or had to have procedures repeated before being discharged from the hospital.

Surgical robots can help doctors to make precise movements in complex procedures. [29] For this reason, they also allow doctors to operate on patients from a distance, which saves on travel time and costs. Since patients sometimes need a surgery right away, surgical robotics is a field [30] while connecting people with life- saving technology.

28. 

29 / 30

Aside from helping surgeons to make more precise movements, robotic surgery can also allow physicians to conduct surgeries remotely. For example, although an isolated or impoverished region might not have [27] access to an effective local surgeon, if a surgical robot were available it could actually be controlled by a doctor working in another city or even another country. A 2017 study by Dr. Ryan Madder, published in EuroIntervention, showed a 95 percent overall success rate for such surgeries. [28] Surprisingly, the study showed that no patients died or had to have procedures repeated before being discharged from the hospital.

Surgical robots can help doctors to make precise movements in complex procedures. [29] For this reason, they also allow doctors to operate on patients from a distance, which saves on travel time and costs. Since patients sometimes need a surgery right away, surgical robotics is a field [30] while connecting people with life- saving technology.

29. 

30 / 30

Aside from helping surgeons to make more precise movements, robotic surgery can also allow physicians to conduct surgeries remotely. For example, although an isolated or impoverished region might not have [27] access to an effective local surgeon, if a surgical robot were available it could actually be controlled by a doctor working in another city or even another country. A 2017 study by Dr. Ryan Madder, published in EuroIntervention, showed a 95 percent overall success rate for such surgeries. [28] Surprisingly, the study showed that no patients died or had to have procedures repeated before being discharged from the hospital.

Surgical robots can help doctors to make precise movements in complex procedures. [29] For this reason, they also allow doctors to operate on patients from a distance, which saves on travel time and costs. Since patients sometimes need a surgery right away, surgical robotics is a field [30] while connecting people with life- saving technology.

30. 

Your score is

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